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Cell Division and Differentiation: Multicellular Organization
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Details

Type of Product:Science Object
Average Rating:
 based on 2 reviews
Publication Title:Cell Division and Differentiation SciPack
Publication Date:1/5/2011
Grade Level:Elementary School, Middle School, High School


Description

Science Objects are two hour on-line interactive inquiry-based content modules that help teachers better understand the science content they teach. This Science Object is the third of three Science Objects in the Cell Division and Differentiation SciPack. It investigates the hierarchy and various structures of the groups of specialized and unspecialized cells in multicellular organisms.

Each type of cell forms tissues and organs that comprise the final organism. This differentiation is regulated through the expression of different genes. Differentiation and specialization is necessary in multicellular organisms because maintaining a full complement of all cellular capabilities is costly and/or incompatible with meeting all the organism’s needs.

Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, and organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serve the organism as a whole. Different body tissues and organs are made up of different kinds of cells. Undifferentiated cells, called adult stem cells, also exist among the differentiated cells in tissues and organs of mature multicellular organisms. These adult stem cells function primarily to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found through regulated growth and differentiation.

Learning Outcomes:
  • Compare and contrast how cells, tissue and organs function in a multicellular organism.
  • Explain why stem cells are important in adult organisms.
  • Explain how stem cell therapies can be effective for treating some diseases and conditions.


Ideas For Use

Science Objects are two hour learning experiences teachers can use to enhance their understanding of a particular scientific concept. Teachers can access any topic “on demand” from the Internet. Topics are based on the science literacy goals in the national standards (NSES, Science for All Americans, Benchmarks, and the Atlas of Scientific Literacy) and tied to state standards.

Each Science Object provides an understanding of the science content by providing a structured set of learning experiences through simulations and practice assessments. Science Objects challenge teachers to explore and explain real world phenomena and are founded on the principle that learners must be challenged with a problem, observation, data, etc., in order to develop scientific understanding. Science Objects utilize the five phases of inquiry-based learning: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate

Learning Outcomes:
  • Identify different categories of nutrients the body needs and their functions, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
  • Recognize that the amounts of each type of nutrient the body needs are inputs in a system and that too much or too little of these nutrients can affect the parts and the whole of the body system.
  • Recognize that good nutrition involves balancing the right amounts and right combinations (varieties) of nutrients for the activities that the body needs to undertake.
  • Describe the role of water in carrying nutrients and providing the environment for physiological functions.

Additional Info

Science Discipline: (mouse over for full classification)
Cellular specializations
DNA
Genes
Protein synthesis
Intended User Role:Elementary-Level Educator, High-School Educator, Middle-Level Educator, Teacher
Educational Issues:Inquiry learning, Teacher content knowledge

Technical

Resource Format:application/x-shockwave-flash, audio/mp3, text/html, video/quicktime
Installation Remarks:Run the Science Objects System Check to ensure that your system is capable of viewing the simulations: http://ecommerce2.nsta.org/system_check/
Requirements:Requires Macromedia Flash Player and Apple Quicktime Player


National Standards Correlation

This resource has 17 correlations with the National Standards.  
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This resource has 17 correlations with the National Standards.  
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  • Life Science
    • The cell
      • Cells can differentiate, and complex multicellular organisms are formed as a highly organized arrangement of differentiated cells. (9-12)
      • In the development of multicellular organisms, the progeny from a single cell form an embryo in which the cells multiply and differentiate to form the many specialized cells, tissues and organs that comprise the final organism. (9-12)
      • Cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. (9-12)
      • Both breakdown and synthesis are made possible by a large set of protein catalysts, called enzymes. (9-12)
      • The breakdown of some of the food molecules enables the cell to store energy in specific chemicals that are used to carry out the many functions of the cell. (9-12)
      • Cells store and use information to guide their functions. (9-12)
      • The genetic information stored in DNA is used to direct the synthesis of the thousands of proteins that each cell requires. (9-12)
      • Cell function regulation allows cells to respond to their environment and to control and coordinate cell growth and division. (9-12)
    • Molecular basis of heredity
      • In all organisms, the instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are carried in DNA, a large polymer formed from subunits of four kinds (A, G, C, and T). (9-12)
      • Each DNA molecule in a cell forms a single chromosome. (9-12)
      • Most of the cells in a human contain two copies of each of 22 different chromosomes. (9-12)
      • In human cells, there is a pair of chromosomes that determines sex: a female contains two X chromosomes and a male contains one X and one Y chromosome. (9-12)
      • The fact that the human body is formed from cells that contain two copies of each chromosome--and therefore two copies of each gene--explains many features of human heredity, such as how variations that are hidden in one generation can be expressed in the next. (9-12)
      • Only mutations in germ cells can create the variation that changes an organism's offspring. (9-12)
  • Process Standards for Professional Development
    • Evaluation
      • Clear, shared goals based on a vision of science learning, teaching, and teacher development congruent with the National Science Education Standards . (NSES)
    • Learning
      • Build on the teacher's current science understanding, ability, and attitudes. (NSES)
      • Incorporate ongoing reflection on the process and outcomes of understanding science through inquiry. (NSES)


Customer Reviews
Interesting Resource
  Reviewed by: Caroline Schley on December 4, 2012
  This is a useful and engaging resource for high school biology!

Review of Cell Division and Differentiation: Mult
  Reviewed by: Ronaldo Relador (Bowie, MD) on February 29, 2012
  The order and intricacy of the cell provide proof to the concept of life.

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