Assessment of student knowledge takes many forms. This chapter features the presentation of scientific posters—one assessment used successfully in upper-division biology courses. The posters, on topics chosen by the students in consultation with course faculty, take the place of a traditional final exam, although they can also be used as a separate assessment during the semester. Students are assessed on their ability to prepare quality posters, but more important, on the quality of the research and the ability to relate the research to other topics in the course. Student posters are presented at the end of the semester, and students are assessed on their presentation and their ability to respond to questions.