There has been much talk about integrating science and literacy instruction in recent years. Why this focus, particularly in the elementary classroom? One very practical reason is to make time in a crowded curriculum. Teachers are confronted with the challenge of having so much content to teach that there’s simply not enough time in the day. An increased emphasis on reading and the English language arts (ELA) in the form of 90- to 120-minute literacy blocks and 60-minute mathematics classes frequently results in science and social studies getting short shrift. Research shows that the amount of instructional time devoted to science in kindergarten through grade 5 has declined significantly in the last two decades. In the chapter, The authors present information about the Science – Literacy Connection.