This chapter invites students to assume the role of paleontologists in a simulated dig in order to answer the question, What can we learn from studying fossils? Correspondence with a mysterious (fictional) paleontologist and the reading of informational text helps students develop a plan for excavating dig sites. As students discover fossils and sediments, they use a variety of texts to answer authentic questions about the fossils and their formation. Finally, they prepare a report about the history of the dig site and the types of living organisms once found there.