In this lesson, students explore ethical considerations in research, focusing specifically on the example of the inclusion of animals in medical research. They work in small groups to analyze the possible harms and benefits to both humans and animals of two hypothetical medical research scenarios, both of which involve animal research. Students review each scenario with the goal of deciding which they would approve for study — one, both, or neither. Students examine their chosen scenario and list several factors/guidelines that will be important for a researcher to follow to ensure the animals are treated ethically.