This chapter focuses on reading the earth in the rocks. Rocks tell the story of Earth’s past, and we believe that lessons on rocks should include a focus on reading those stories. Many students encounter rocks as an exercise in classification and identification. This approach misses the opportunity to understand how historical science, like all science, is based on observation and arguing from evidence. So, instead of naming rocks, we create rock lessons in which students argue from evidence to tell stories of Earth’s past. This chapter provides some suggested activities for these lessons, as well as experimental challenges. A materials list, teacher background information, safety practices, and outcomes are provided. This book selection includes the Table of Contents, Acknowledgments, About the Authors, About the Book, Introduction, and Index.