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Butterfly Hunt

The Role of Density Dependence in Batesian and Müllerian Mimicry

By Mayra C. Vidal, Kylee Grenis, Whitley R. Lehto, Robin M. Tinghitella, Shannon M. Murphy

Butterfly Hunt


 

Abstract

This case study uses an interactive activity to illustrate density dependence in ecology classes. We developed a "hunt" using paper butterflies with warning signals on the upper side of the wings and symbols that indicate if a butterfly is noxious underneath the wings. Butterflies are distributed in four different patches with varying densities of noxious and palatable butterflies, simulating Batesian or Müllerian mimicry. Students can catch as many butterflies they want for a period of time, but if they catch more than three noxious butterflies they are out of the game. After the activity, students calculate the survival rate of each type of butterfly in each patch and discuss the implications of density and warning signals according to their results. Students then answer questions and build graphs using the data from the activity and knowledge from the class and the discussion. With this case study, students will be able to understand negative and positive density dependence, as well as predation, learning, and convergent evolution, while recalling or being introduced to Batesian and Müllerian mimicry.

   

Date Posted

11/13/2017

Overview

Objectives

  • Review numerical and functional responses.
  • Build graphs.
  • Define Batesian and Müllerian mimicry.
  • Explain and distinguish between negative and positive density dependence.
  • Discuss convergent evolution and learning.
  • Describe how predation can lead to convergent evolution in warning signals.

Keywords

density dependence; mimicry; predation; aposematism; warning coloration; numerical response; functional response; fitness; convergent evolution; butterfly;

  

Subject Headings

Biology (General)
Ecology
Evolutionary Biology

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

High school, Undergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper division

  

FORMAT

PDF, PowerPoint

   

TOPICAL AREAS

N/A

   

LANGUAGE

English

   

TYPE/METHODS

Demonstration, Directed, Discussion

 

 

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