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  • Introduction to Nanotechnology

    Book Chapter |

    Imagining differences in scale can be very easy (a softball is bigger than a baseball) or very difficult (how can we imagine the size of a galaxy?). It is perhaps most challenging to build conceptual frameworks for…

  • Documentation and Research Paper Setup

    Book Chapter |

    After organizing the raw data from your experiment and performing statistical analysis, you are ready to move to the next part of your research project—sharing the results of your experiment. You do this by writing a…

  • Presenting the STEM Research Project

    Book Chapter |

    An important part of conducting research for all STEM professionals is to communicate their study results. This is generally accomplished in two different ways. The first is to write a scientific paper, in order to have…

  • Research Design

    Book Chapter |

    In this chapter, you will learn how experiments are structured. This structure or experimental setup is called the research design. The research design of an experiment determines both whether the experiment is likely…

  • Proposal Writing

    Book Chapter |

    After you have begun background research on your topic and have a preliminary hypothesis, you will write your proposal. A proposal is a document that describes the proposed experimental design of your research project.…

  • Descriptive Statistics

    Book Chapter |

    Once you have collected data from your experiment, you will need to calculate various descriptive statistics explained in this chapter. This chapter contains guidelines on how to graphically represent data and provide…

  • Graphical Representations

    Book Chapter |

    Graphical representations are visual ways to represent raw data, descriptive statistics, or inferential statistics in order to highlight important findings from a research study. You can use the graphical…

  • Inferential Statistics and Data Interpretation

    Book Chapter |

    This chapter is organized into two parts. In the first part, the author briefly introduces inferential statistical tests that are commonly used in STEM research. The description of these tests is meant only to provide…

  • Edible Plate Tectonics: Plates Move and Interact

    Book Chapter |

    Plate tectonics is geology’s central theory and one of the most important in science. It provides explanations for many of Earth’s major geological processes and physical features. This Activity uses an unusual physical…

  • Convection: Transfer of Heat From Earth’s Interior

    Book Chapter |

    In this activity, students conduct experimental trials involving a drop of food coloring moved by convection in a pan of water to observe convection cells. Students record their observations on this model and relate…

  • A Voyage Through Time: Pangaea Breakup and Continent/Plate Movement

    Book Chapter |

    In this activity, students will follow the movement of continents over the past 200 million years, beginning with the breakup of Pangaea. Students analyze the consequences of plate tectonics on continents by modeling…

  • Magma and Volcanoes: Model of a Volcano

    Book Chapter |

    Students, in this activity, model a volcanic eruption by melting crayons inside a plaster of paris model. They use a hot water bath to melt the wax, which rises through a tube they made with string in the plaster of…

  • Shake It Up: Earthquakes and Damage to Buildings

    Book Chapter |

    Nearly all locations on Earth experience occasional earthquakes, although most of them are not large enough to cause significant damage. In this activity, students will use sugar cubes to investigate and compare the…

  • Study Your Sandwich: Sedimentary Rock Layers, Structures, and Relative Ages

    Book Chapter |

    In this activity, students make a triple-decker, soy butter with raisins and jelly sandwich to model sedimentary rock formations. They take core samples with a straw, fold the sandwich into synclines and anticlines, and…

  • GeoPatterns: Global Earthquake Distribution

    Book Chapter |

    Do earthquakes occur randomly, or are there patterns to their distribution? Does where earthquakes occur shed light on why they occur? What causes earthquakes? What determines where an earthquake will occur? In this…

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