This case study uses data from the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster to help students explore and discuss the importance of thorough data collection and analysis. In Part I of the case, students are provided with data from the Rogers Report that was commissioned to investigate the Challenger explosion. The data is reframed and presented in a simpler, low-stakes context. Students are asked to analyze the data and make a decision related to this fictitious scenario. In Part II of the case, students are provided with additional data (also taken directly from the Rogers Report) and asked to discuss and reconsider their initial decision. In Part III of the case, it is revealed to students that the data they have been examining was real data collected in preparation for the Challenger launch. The case can be used in a wide variety of courses to teach the importance of thorough data collection and trend analysis as a part of scientific decision making.