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  • Laws of Thermodynamics

    Book Chapter |

    Thermodynamics is the physics of heat, mechanical energy or work, and the conversion of one into the other. All systems follow the laws of thermodynamics and since almost all energy production is based on thermodynamics…

  • Energy

    Book Chapter |

    Energy is an essential part of all branches of physics. In mechanics, energy appears as both potential and kinetic energy. In this chapter, the experiments examine the conservation of energy and how energy can change…

  • Visible Light and Colors

    Book Chapter |

    Color theory is an area of physics that can explain how the appearance of colors changes when colors are mixed, for example on a computer screen or with a printing press. Visible light can be divided into different…

  • Resonance

    Book Chapter |

    Resonance—a system’s tendency to oscillate at greater amplitudes at certain frequencies—is a common phenomenon in physics. The explorations in this chapter will define how resonance occurs. Teacher background…

  • Buoyancy

    Book Chapter |

    Buoyancy is a phenomenon that occurs not only in water but also in the atmosphere. The effect of buoyancy is easily felt in water. A hot air balloon rises up in the air because of a buoyant force from the air around it…

  • Angular Momentum

    Book Chapter |

    The concept of angular momentum can be related to linear momentum. The difference is that while linear momentum occurs with motion in a straight line, angular momentum applies to circular motion. The observations in…

  • Magnetism

    Book Chapter |

    Magnetism is a well known physics phenomenon that is used, for example, in computers for magnetic recording, in Maglev trains, or for holding notes on a refrigerator door. Magnetism is a phenomenon in which the magnetic…

  • Electromagnetic Induction

    Book Chapter |

    Electromagnetic induction is the basis for producing energy in our society. This phenomenon is used in wind generators, hydroelectric generators, and nuclear power plants, as well as in metal detectors, induction brakes…

  • More Fun

    Book Chapter |

    In this chapter, you will find explorations on gadgets that are very interesting and illustrative but that do not fit into the other chapters. However, many of these gadgets complement the explorations in earlier…

  • Do the Objects Need to Touch?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about electric forces. It is designed to reveal whether students recognize that electric forces can act at a distance without direct contact. The probe…

  • How Will the Balloons Move?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about electric charge when they rub balloons on their hair. It is designed to reveal whether students recognize that objects charged in the same way…

  • Can It Be Electrically Charged?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about electric charge. It is designed to reveal students’ thinking about the types of materials that can be electrically charged so it’s not important…

  • What Happens When Your Bring a Balloon Near a Wall?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about electrical interactions. It is designed to find out how students visually represent electrical interactions. The most common representation used to…

  • Conductors or Insulators?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about conductors and insulators of electric charge. It is designed to determine whether students can distinguish between objects that allow the charge to…

  • Does the Example Provide Evidence?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this probe is to elicit students’ ideas about charged objects. It is designed to reveal whether students recognize that one can only make a limited conclusion about charge during an interaction where…

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