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  • Atwood's marvelous machines

    Book Chapter |

    This chapter presents an example of a classic physics problem known as Atwood’s machine. In the lab it serves as a means of achieving a constant acceleration of any value less than g. Can you suggest a means of…

  • Thrills by design

    Book Chapter |

    At the XXIV International Physics Olympiad, held in Williamsburg, Virginia, students from 41 countries spent a day investigating the physics of amusement park rides. This article features a design challenge with a…

  • Stop on red, go on green . . .

    Book Chapter |

    When you're driving down a road and you see a yellow light, don’t you wonder when the light will turn red? As you drive down the road at a certain speed, the light may turn from green to yellow. A decision must be made…

  • Electricity in the air

    Book Chapter |

    This chapter is based on one of the theoretical problems given at the XXIV International Physics Olympiad. It is an actual application of physics to a real-world situation based on Gauss’s law—one of the most…

  • Fun with liquid nitrogen

    Book Chapter |

    Iron is solid, mercury is liquid, and nitrogen is a gas. Liquid nitrogen is used to perform lots of interesting and fun experiments. Demonstrations exploiting the extreme cold of liquid nitrogen provide entertainment…

  • Laser levitation

    Book Chapter |

    How can someone levitate an object? Magicians do it all the time. Can physicists do it as well? The easiest technique is to attach a string to the object and secure the string to the ceiling. The weight of the object is…

  • Mirror full of water

    Book Chapter |

    “It’s done with mirrors.” Whether we attend magic shows or ride the “Haunted Mansion,” we are often surprised and pleased by clever manipulations of images. This chapter looks at the image produced by a concave mirror…

  • Rising star

    Book Chapter |

    Supposedly young people are first introduced to waves while attending or watching sports events. These stadium waves can provide some useful insights into the most counterintuitive property of waves—the wave moves, but…

  • The leaky pendulum

    Book Chapter |

    The motion of simple pendulums has played an interesting role in physics and technology. The simplest pendulum to study would probably be a compact mass attached to a long string. Physicists call this “the simple…

  • Superconducting magnet

    Book Chapter |

    For those of us who grew up with conventional electromagnets, it is very strange to see an electromagnet that is not connected to an external power source. But that is what happens with a superconducting magnet. After a…

  • Cloud formulations

    Book Chapter |

    It seems almost counterintuitive that wet air should be less dense than dry air and float in the sky. But the beauty of the cirrus and cumulus attest to this as we gaze at the myriad shapes and forms above us. Cloud…

  • Weighing an astronaut

    Book Chapter |

    Medical questions were very important during the Skylab mission from May 1973 until February 1974. At the most basic level the scientists wanted to know if the astronauts would lose weight during prolonged stays in…

  • The first photon

    Book Chapter |

    In what now seems like physics folklore, the young patent clerk Albert Einstein proposed that light behaves like a particle—known as a photon—and that each photon has an energy that depends on its frequency. More…

  • Pins and spin

    Book Chapter |

    Although Isaac Newton probably never bowled a perfect 300 game, his physics can be used to analyze the sport of bowling. The collision of the ball with the bowling pins—and the collisions of the pins themselves—must…

  • Split image

    Book Chapter |

    A converging lens bends all rays of light parallel to the principal axis (the axis of symmetry of the lens) in such a way that they converge at a single point referred to as the focus. The lens also takes the light…

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