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The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design in a Case of Schizophrenia

By Brahmadeo Dewprashad, Vishnu Tiwari

The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design in a Case of Schizophrenia


 

Abstract

“Freddie,” a college student diagnosed with schizophrenia, seeks guidance from his psychiatrist, “Dr. Ruiz,” following a relapse due to non-adherence to his prescribed medication regimen. To improve Freddie’s treatment plan, Dr. Ruiz suggests transitioning to a longer-acting injectable form of his current medication, despite Freddie’s fear of needles. The new medication is a fatty acid ester derived from the original drug whose extended activity is due to its greater lipid solubility and subsequent hydrolysis within the body. The case engages students with questions designed to teach and reinforce fundamental concepts in organic chemistry. It also illustrates how organic chemistry is used in drug design that can lead to improved health outcomes. The case is intended for use in the second semester of a college-level organic chemistry course after lectures on the chemistry of esters. It can also be used in medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical chemistry classes, offering students a real-world perspective on the intersection of organic chemistry and healthcare.

   

Date Posted

12/29/2023

Overview

Objectives

  • Identify functional groups.
  • Describe the effect of charges, intramolecular attraction, and electron withdrawing and electron donating groups.
  • Provide IUPAC nomenclature of esters.
  • Write reaction schemes for the synthesis and hydrolysis of esters.
  • Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the effect of pH on ionization of molecules.
  • Explain an application of organic chemistry in drug design and synthesis.

Keywords

Chlorpromazine; ester hydrolysis; ester IUPAC nomenclature; ester synthesis; electron withdrawing groups; EWG; electron donating groups; EDG; fluphenazine; fluphenazine decanoate; fluphenazine enanthate; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation; medicinal chemistry; phenothiazine; schizophrenia

  

Subject Headings

Medicinal Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Pharmacy / Pharmacology

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

Undergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper division, Graduate, Professional (degree program), Clinical education

  

FORMAT

PDF

   

TOPICAL AREAS

N/A

   

LANGUAGE

English

   

TYPE/METHODS

Directed

 

 

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