This resource has 44 correlations with the National Standards.  
[HIDE CORRELATIONS]

• Physical Science
  • Properties and changes of properties in matter
    • In chemical reactions, the total mass is conserved.
  • Structure and properties of matter
    • An element is composed of a single type of atom. (9-12)
    • The interactions among molecules are determined by the structure of the molecule, including the constituent atoms and the distances and angles between them. (9-12)
  • Structure of atoms
    • Fission is the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller pieces. (9-12)
    • Fusion is the joining of two nuclei at extremely high temperature and pressure, and is the process responsible for the energy of the sun and other stars. (9-12)
  • Position and motion of objects
    • An object's motion can be described by tracing and measuring its position over time. (velocity)
  • Transfer of Energy
    • Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical.
    • Energy is transferred in many ways.
    • Heat moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until both reach the same temperature.
    • Light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection).
    • In most chemical and nuclear reactions, energy is transferred into or out of a system.
    • Heat, light, mechanical motion, or electricity might all be involved in energy transfers.
    • The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation.
  • Motion and Forces
    • Objects change their motion only when a net force is applied. Laws of motion are used to calculate precisely the effects of forces on the motion of objects. (9-12)
    • Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electromagnetic force. (9-12)
    • Unbalanced forces will cause changes in the speed or direction of an object's motion. (Acceleration)
    • The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed.
  • Conservation of energy and increase in disorder
    • The total energy of the universe is constant. (9-12)
    • Energy can be transferred by collisions in chemical and nuclear reactions, by light waves and other radiations, and in many other ways. (9-12)
    • Energy can never be destroyed. (9-12)
    • All energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion; potential energy, which depends on relative position; or energy contained by a field, such as electromagnetic waves. (9-12)
    • The higher the temperature, the greater the atomic or molecular motion. (9-12)
    • Everything tends to become less organized and less orderly over time. (9-12)
    • In all energy transfers, the overall effect is that the energy is spread out uniformly. Examples are the transfer of energy from hotter to cooler objects by conduction, radiation, or convection and the warming of our surroundings when we burn fuels. (9-12)
  • Interactions of energy and matter
    • Waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter. (9-12)
    • Electromagnetic waves include radio waves (the longest wavelength), microwaves, infrared radiation (radiant heat), visible light, ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays. (9-12)
    • The energy of electromagnetic waves is carried in packets whose magnitude is inversely proportional to the wavelength. (9-12)
    • Each kind of atom or molecule can gain or lose energy only in particular discrete amounts and thus can absorb and emit light only at wavelengths corresponding to these amounts. (9-12)

• Earth Science
  • Origin and evolution of the universe
    • The "big bang" theory places the origin between 10 and 20 billion years ago, when the universe began in a hot dense state; according to this theory, the universe has been expanding ever since. (9-12)
    • Billions of galaxies, each of which is a gravitationally bound cluster of billions of stars, now form most of the visible mass in the universe. (9-12)
    • Stars produce energy from nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. (9-12)

• Science as Inquiry
  • Understandings about scientific inquiry
    • Scientific investigations involve asking and answering a question and comparing the answer with what scientists already know about the world.
    • Scientists make the results of their investigations public; they describe the investigations in ways that enable others to repeat the investigations.
    • Scientists review and ask questions about the results of other scientists' work.

• Science and Technology
  • Understanding about science and technology
    • Many different people in different cultures have made and continue to make contributions to science and technology.
    • Science and technology are reciprocal.
    • Technology provides tools for investigations, inquiry, and analysis.

• History and Nature of Science
  • Science as a human endeavor
    • Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity--as well as on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, and openness to new ideas.
  • Nature of science
    • Scientists formulate and test their explanations of nature using observation, experiments, and theoretical and mathematical models. Those ideas are not likely to change greatly in the future.
    • It is part of scientific inquiry to evaluate the results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and the explanations proposed by other scientists. As scientific knowledge evolves, major disagreements are eventually resolved through such interactions between scientists.
  • Historical perspectives
    • In history, diverse cultures have contributed scientific knowledge and technologic inventions. Modern science began to evolve rapidly in Europe several hundred years ago. During the past two centuries, it has contributed significantly to the industrialization of Western and non-Western cultures. However, other, non-European cultures have developed scientific ideas and solved human problems through technology. (9-12)(Inventors/Inventions)

• Process Standards for Professional Development
  • Design
    • Introduce teachers to scientific literature, media, and technological resources that expand their science knowledge and their ability to access further knowledge. (NSES)
  • Learning
    • Build on the teacher's current science understanding, ability, and attitudes. (NSES)

• Teaching Standards
  • Teachers provide students with the time, space, and resources needed to learn science.
    • Make the available science tools, materials, media, and technological resources accessible to students.