In this case study, board members of a private forest reserve on the island of Madagascar seek funds for a forest restoration aimed at preserving endangered lemurs. During their monthly meeting, they discuss the details of a grant proposal that would fund a significant reforestation project involving a choice between the use of native or introduced (non-native) plant species. Through small group discussions, students explore the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, applying concepts such as endemism, endangered species, plant-animal interactions, and ecological restoration. Students practice using ecological information and weighing uncertainties to make decisions that are typical in real world ecological restorations and that potentially have long-term consequences. Students also gain a deeper understanding of issues associated with introduced species as a conservation threat. The case is designed for upper-level courses in ecology, restoration ecology, or conservation biology, with optional modifications available for advanced or postgraduate-level students, or lower-level courses in environmental science or ecology.