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Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself

Using Precision Medicine to Target Breast Cancer and the Cell Cycle

By Kelsie M. Bernot, Telah A. Wingate, Kiara D. Whitaker

Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself


 

Abstract

This case study relates the actual experiences of a woman with breast cancer as she shares her experiences through a series of blog posts at various stages of treatment (diagnosis, mastectomy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and maintenance). Students will interpret her actual pathology report and learn that an individual’s genetic makeup determines whether certain drugs are metabolized effectively, and how dosing and drug choice may change depending on which metabolizing enzymes are present.  In the context of precision medicine, “knowing yourself” is just as important as “knowing your enemy.” Students conclude the activity by interpreting graphical data that reveals health disparities in the United States and across the world, and consider causal implications of those disparities. The case is especially suited for an introductory biology course, but could easily be adapted for a higher-level cell, molecular biology or genetics class. Health sciences courses such as nursing or introductory pharmacology may also find it useful.

   

Date Posted

10/15/2018

Overview

Objectives

  • Read and interpret breast cancer pathology results.
  • Draw the phases of mitosis.
  • Connect cell signaling to cell cycle regulation, and explain how dysregulation of those events can lead to cancer.
  • Discuss how physicians use precision medicine to obtain genetic information about an individual's tumor tissue to target treatment specific to that individual's cancer.
  • Discuss how physicians use precision medicine to obtain genetic information about an individual's somatic, non-cancerous cells to make decisions about treatment.
  • Define incidence and mortality.
  • Compare how health disparities impact patients' and physicians' abilities to know the enemy and know themselves in the United States and the world.
  • Discuss the impact of ethnicity, age, geographic location and healthcare infrastructure on health disparities.

Keywords

Cancer; cell signaling; signal transduction; mitosis; health disparities; breast cancer; cell cycle; CYP2D6; chemotherapy; metabolism; precision medicine; data analysis; pathology; drug efficacy; tamoxifen; docetaxol; trastuzumab; carboplatin; mastectomy

  

Subject Headings

Biology (General)
Cell Biology
Epidemiology
Genetics / Heredity
Medicinal Chemistry
Medicine (General)
Nursing
Pharmacy / Pharmacology
Physiology
Public Health
Science (General)

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

High school, Undergraduate lower division, Undergraduate upper division, Clinical education

  

FORMAT

PDF

   

TOPICAL AREAS

Social justice issues

   

LANGUAGE

English

   

TYPE/METHODS

Interrupted

 

 

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