From January’s Science 2.0 column: Picture This Assessment

“I have often used microscopic images of everyday objects as warm-up exercises to start class, and to get kids involved in making observations and asking questions,” says John Burk, a ninth-grade physics teacher at Westminster Schools in Atlanta, Georgia.

Check out this example from Burk’s class blog (Note: He uses this cheap microscope and a camera to get the pictures):

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One of the many blogs I subscribe to is Not Exactly Rocket Science from Discover magazine. It’s good reading about science (Bad Astronomy is also published here). A recent entry Eight-year-old children publish bee study in Royal Society journal describes how a class of students in Devon, England, designed and conducted a study of what factors bees use when selecting which flowers to visit. The results of their study, complete with their pencil drawings, was published in Biology Letters by the UK’s Royal Society (there’s a link to the publication from the blog). The students did have guidance from a scientist and their teacher, but the work is theirs. What an exciting accomplishment! I’m sure these students learned much about insect behavior and scientific inquiry. (You might also be interested in the related entry, Turning secondary school children into research scientists).

It’s not common for student work to appear in a peer-reviewed professional publication such as this. But I’ve heard of various opportunities (both print and online) for students to publish their work. The one that I’m most familiar with is Classroom BirdScope from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. If anyone has had experiences with others, please let us know in a comment!
Sharing what is learned and creating new knowledge is part of scientific inquiry. How can students share the results of their investigations? A class blog or wiki? Press releases to local media? The school website? A locally-published journal? Presentations to their classmates?
Insects are a common unit in the elementary grades. I’ve created a collection of some articles in NSTA publications related to Bees and SciLinks has collections of websites related to

• Honeybees  K-4 5-8 9-12
• Pollination  K-4 5-8 9-12

Photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/124330160/23764566/#/

In the November and January issues of The Science Teacher, we wrote about using digital cameras in the classroom. November’s column (read it free) focused on using high speed cameras during inquiry.
Wingspan makes affordable cameras that do just the opposite. With their Plantcam, you can easily make time lapse videos by setting the camera to take an image at specific intervals. Their Birdcam has a built in motion sensor that activates a video camera or time lapse photo setting.
You can win one of these cameras by participating in their Cameras for Classrooms essay competition. All you need to do to enter is write a 500-750 word essay on how you would use one of these cameras in your classroom.
Check out the cool time-lapse video below. Imagine what your students could do if you let them loose with one of these!
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0En-_BVbGc[/youtube]
(Note: This video was not taken using a Wingspan camera.)

December’s Science 2.0 column focused on using rich media to spark questioning and inquiry.  Here is a fully developed example from Dan Meyer’s blog that could work well in a physics classroom.
First, the video:
[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zR3X9hJpbDo[/youtube]
The set – up:
Ask your students what questions they have about the video?
Which of these questions are related to our topic (speed, time, distance)?
What information do we need?
Possible Questions:
How fast is the car going?
How many pictures or frames? OR How long is the vinyl?
The Details:
Read the post at Dan’s blog for background details (car speed, camera frame rate, etc.) and the solution to the length of vinyl.
More:
Check out Meyer’s WCYDWT archive here.
Check out a blog of starter media for WCYDWT Science.

Our middle school science department has started using the BSCS 5E instructional model. We like this framework, but we’re having a hard time fitting in all the components every day. It doesn’t seem possible, given that the class periods are 45 minutes long. Are we missing something? What has been your experience with this model?
—Mary, West Palm Beach, Florida
The 5E Model suggests stages or phases to be included when designing inquiry-based instruction: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate (Extend), and Evaluate. According to BSCS (the developers of the model) this teaching sequence can be used for entire programs, specific units, and individual lessons.
I must admit I’ve not had the opportunity to use 5E in the classroom. But I have used other models and frameworks such as Understanding by Design (by Jay McTighe and Grant Wiggins) and—I’ll show my age here—the Madeline Hunter model. I’m also familiar with the Art and Science of Teaching (by Robert Marzano). Some teachers suggest models or frameworks are too prescriptive, discourage teacher creativity, and result in cookie-cutter lessons. But, depending on the model, I found quite the opposite could be true. Having some guidelines helped me create purposeful lessons within cohesive units of instruction, rather than collections of activities and laundry lists of content topics to “cover.”
It may be helpful to differentiate among units, lessons, activities, and class periods. A unit of instruction (e.g., stoichiometry, forces, air quality, microorganisms) consists of connected lessons. A lesson incorporates individual or group learning activities (lab investigations, assessments, lecture, demonstrations, reading, writing, discussion, etc.) focused on related objectives or learning goals. Depending on the length of a class period, there may be time for a complete lesson. There might be time for only a few of the activities, or a single activity may take several periods. My big “aha” moment occurred when I realized that a lesson could extend over several class periods, depending on the number and types of learning activities I used to help students achieve the learning goals.

What constrained my thinking was the spiral-bound lesson plan book with a 2×3 inch box in which to describe each class period. The box wasn’t large enough to write much more than a list or agenda, such as Discuss Photosynthesis, Read Chapter 6, or Do the Lab on p. 144. If I taught multiple class periods of the same subject, I could just write “ditto” in the box. There was little room for annotations or reflections, so in the following year, these boxes weren’t helpful to me in terms of improving the lesson.
So I decided to think outside the lesson plan box and file the spiral book. I switched to an electronic template for lesson planning and a 3-ring binder (for ready reference during class). Each lesson was a separate document where I described the learning activities in detail. Lesson plans also included space to record the date(s) of the lesson, how far each section progressed, and other notes for reviewing and refining the lesson. This was a lot of work the first year, but after that I could revise the electronic documents easily.
In the NSTA journals, there have been many articles describing lessons and units of instruction designed with the 5E model, many of which appear to extend over several class periods. So perhaps you’re a little ambitious in trying to use all 5 Es in every class period as a daily checklist rather than as a framework for an entire lesson or unit. Does your current lesson plan format facilitate the 5E model? If not, perhaps a revised template may help.
If a lesson does last for more than one class period, it’s important to recap or summarize the activities at the end of the period and show how they will carry over to the next day. Reviewing the previous activities could be the bell-ringer at the beginning of the next period.
Using the NSTA Learning Center, I created a resource library of articles from NSTA journals (Science Scope and The Science Teacher) and the URLs of a few websites related to the 5E model. Feel free to browse through these to see how other secondary teachers are using this model.

What on earth could this be a recipe for?

Although blogs (web logs) were once only a reverse chronological diary of thoughts and observations, today’s blogs are so much more. First of all, the vast amount of aggregatible content has brightened a once text-heavy presentation. Images, videos, graphics, links and audio tracks have made the once static blog a living document chronicling a point in time.
Second, the current blogging tools allow for a fairly rich exchange of ideas and feedback. Although we do not have the time to monitor the blog on a daily basis, we will be adding posts throughout the month, answering questions, and engaging in dialog with readers as time permits.
It is our hope that the Science 2.0 blog will expand and enrich the topics of the print article in The Science Teacher as well as provide a venue to link into the worlds of our readers. This is a two-way street and so we encourage the sharing of your wisdom by posting comments.

NSTA’s Book Beat was honored in November 2010 with a Gold MarCom award for e-newsletters. The MarCom Awards is an international creative competition that recognizes outstanding achievement by marketing and communications professionals. Each month’s issue of Book Beat brings science teachers news of special offers in the online Science Store, the month’s list of top sellers, and free science lessons drawn from NSTA Press books.  Click here to read archived issues of Book Beat and sign up to receive your own copy in the coming months.

Many students can probably recite or at least recognize definitions of elements, compounds, and mixtures. But the articles in this issue go beyond definitions and examples to show students the application of this knowledge. These activities also engage students with interesting and creative activities in a variety of formats.
One of the misconceptions my students had was that chemicals were things that you mixed together to create explosions, with vapors and odors as byproducts. But several articles in this issue demonstrate how chemical compounds are present in everyday substances that we use and take for granted. Green Beauty has descriptions of ingredients often found in cosmetics and other personal care products and potential risks they pose. At an age where students are interested in these products, examining the list of ingredients could be a relevant activity. The article also has a list of references. Thermal Paper Exposed describes an investigation of materials we take for granted. Literacy for the Digital Generation: Enabling Students to Develop 21st-Century Skills Through Real-World Chemistry also looks at common household substances as students create a blog about poisons. The author includes suggestions for blogging and a rubric. As you consider other activities involving chemicals, be sure to consider safety issues (NSTA’s SciLinks has several collections of websites related to safety, such as Chemical Handling and Safety.

It’s ELEMENTary, My Dear Watson combines a forensic investigation to show characteristics of materials such as pH, conductivity, and density. The activity also includes Google maps and science notebooks. Check out other resources for forensic science in SciLinks. (As a fan of Sherlock Holmes, I don’t think he ever used this phrase in the original stories, but the title is a clever play on words.)
No study of elements would be complete without the Periodic Table. Deal Me In: Using Playing Cards to Model the Period Table of Elements has some ideas (using the 5E model to help students to understand patterns and infer the properties of “missing” elements. The Romance of the Atoms: Animated Atomic Attractions has a new twist on the element reports that many teachers assign: cartoons created with the computer animation software Scratch from MIT, which is free and downloadable. The article has screen shots of some of the projects. (I tinkered with Scratch, and it looks like fun! And I suspect that students will catch on quickly.) SciLinks has more on the periodic table as well as collections of sites on individual elements (see Manganese, for example).
SciLinks has resources on these topics related to articles in this issue:

• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures
• Lunar Eclipse
• Photovoltaic Cells
• Solar Cells

NSTA Recommends has a review of the book Exploratorium Science Snackbook: Cook Up Over 100 Hands-On Science Exhibits from Everyday Materials. The Exploratorium in San Francisco is a wonderful, hands-on place to explore science (if you’re going to the NSTA convention in March, put it on your list of places to visit). In addition to the book, the “snacks” are also available on Exploratorium’s Snack website.