At one time, teachers were not familiar with the concept of scientific argumentation—the process of making claims and supporting them with evidence. Since that time, both the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) have emphasized the importance of argumentation. In this chapter, students examine these documents to be aware of what they have to say and to consider why argumentation is of value. Scientists use their research and observations to make a claim and then describe the evidence that led them to make that claim and explain how they used reason when looking at evidence. Argumentation is particularly relevant because making claims and supporting them with evidence are intricately tied to reading and writing. A materials list, teacher background information, references, assessment, and outcomes are provided. This book selection includes the Table of Contents, Acknowledgments, About the Author, Image Credits, and Index.