This chapter takes up the question of our broader societal goals for science literacy and explains the connections between these goals and the focus on engaging students in science and engineering practices. All of the activities featured afford students opportunities to participate actively in the scientific enterprise on a personal, regional, national, or global scale. Such activities can support students in learning about ways that all citizens can participate in science and about how scientific knowledge is developed. By teaching for scientific literacy it is possible to engage students in science practices in ways that are interesting, relevant, and scientifically valid. A list of materials, teacher background information, standards, assessment, and references are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, About the Editors, Contributors, Acknowledgments, and Index.