This chapter presents a case study on “Y” Should Mixed-Sex Test Subjects Be Used in Medical Research? In this lesson, students explore the importance of mixed-sex animal models in preclinical research. After reading the case study, students will use data and pedigree analysis to understand the different inheritance patterns of genetic disorders. Finally, students use this information to research a genetic disorder and design (or adapt) assistive technology for individuals with that disorder. This lesson may be taught during a unit on genetic disorders and heredity for beginner biology courses. A list of materials, teacher background information, teacher notes, references, resources, assessments, and standards are provided. This book selection also includes the Table of Contents, About the Authors, Acknowledgments, Introduction, and Index.