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This section uses protozoa to help students either review already acquired lab skills or learn entirely new ones. As students are led through the investigations in this section, they are encouraged to observe and…
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This section enables students to model the fundamental life processes of many organisms, including humans, by using microorganisms. The section also explores some of the operating principles of cellular physiology and…
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Interacting with other Organisms
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Life on Earth forms a complex web. Each organism depends on others for its health and well being. This section explores how such relationships are essential for maintaining balanced ecosystems. Students conduct…
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All species of organisms live in communities and occupy ecological niches. Protozoa, by contrast, live in a wide variety of habitats, including soils, water, and inside other organisms. This section explores the varied…
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Life thrives or perishes depending upon its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Over time, living organisms develop adaptive strategies that enable them to meet the demands precipitated by those changes. In…
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Advocacy and the Planning Process
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Science educators believe that students construct their knowledge of the natural world best in safe, secure, and stimulating learning environments. In order to achieve these goals, teachers, researchers, and planners…
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Current Trends and Future Directions in Science Education: Breaking Down the Walls
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The simplest educational concept—and perhaps the most significant—to consider in designing tomorrow’s science programs is inquiry. In keeping with the Standards’ strong emphasis on inquiry-based programs, students…
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In order for students to inquire confidently, we must create safe classroom environments. Safety is not just a set of rules but a state of mind, and perhaps, most importantly, it is an attitude and a set of skills that…
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Designing Facilities for the Middle School (6-8)
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A high-quality middle school science program requires science classrooms with safe, well-designed laboratory space, and school designers must consider the distance students will have to travel to these classes. Trying…
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Designing Facilities for the High School (9-12)
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When we participate in a school building program, we create learning environments that will last for many decades. So a major principle of good science facilities planning is to avoid building for a single curricular…
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While everyone in a school community should share responsibility for the “greening” of a school, it is often the science teachers who make the best use of these facilities, basing their lessons on the components of a…
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A periodic table on the ceiling of a chemistry lab/classroom, footprints and fossils of amphibians and animals in a courtyard sidewalk, a 60-foot slinky suspended from the ceiling, and a tessellation pattern in the…
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We say it often, and the phrase appears in the National Science Education Standards and many state and local documents as well. “All students should have opportunities in science.” But that vision is harder to achieve…
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Celebrating Cultural Diversity: Science Learning for All—An Introduction
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What is a “multicultural” classroom? Classrooms, even if they are filled with non-majority students, are not necessarily multicultural. There are three elements necessary for a truly multicultural science-learning…
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What Should Students Learn About the Nature of
Science and How Should We Teach It?
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The purpose of this article is to: 1) explicate the central pattern of scientific reasoning, 2) show that the pattern has been applied by scientists to help answer a wide range of scientific questions, and 3) argue that…
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